1.  How did the cultures and lifeways of various Native American groups differ, and what was the role of the natural environment in shaping diverse Native American societies? 

2.  One goal of European exploration was expanding trade routes.  Discuss other motivations for European migration, particularly those that led to the desire to establish colonies in the Americas.

3.  During the late fifteenth century, England was an unlikely competitor for New World colonies. How did political and religious conflicts contribute to England’s emergence as a major European power by the close of the sixteenth century?